Tundra 1) Predation (predator and prey) 2) Mutualism 3) Competition 4) Parasitism 5) Commensalism. WWF works to ensure more sustainable methods of extracting natural resources, such as trees, oil, and minerals, with minimal impact to wildlife and forests. From simple essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched to your needs. The vast forest of the Congo Basin is the second-largest tropical rainforest on Earth and serves as the lungs of Africa. The Congo Basin rainforest supports an astonishing range of life within its teeming rivers, swamps and savannahs but it also helps to sustain life across the whole planet. Did American conservationists in Africa go too far?. Tourism fees generate much needed revenue for both the park and local communities. In the Republic of Congo, an African country crossed by the Equator, the climate is equatorial (hot and humid all year round, with no real dry season) in the north, and tropical (hot and humid, with a dry and cooler season in winter) in the center and south. Mountain gorilla, Bonobo, Chimpanzee, Forest elephant, A baby gorilla and multiple elephant calves make their debut in Dzanga-Sangha, Integrated Management of Cameroons Forest Landscapes in the Congo Basin, Social Impacts of the Forest Stewardship Council Certification: An Assessment In the Congo Basin, The Economic Value of Virunga National Park. Many endangered species, including forest elephants, chimpanzees, bonobos and lowland and mountain gorillas live here. However, regions along the rivers and stream often become cool up to 12C (Abernethy, Coad, Taylor, Lee, & Maisels, 2013). In essence, they can circumvent under trees due to their small size. On the other hand, a strangler fig is one of the parasites that grow in tree and by reaching up they cover the tree denying them light for photosynthesis later killing them. The emissions seem substantial for these changes. Survival International fights to protect the Baka people as the WWF has continuously denied these abuse cases. Learn about commensalism in ecology. The forests of the Congo have many teak trees. At 3.7 million km , it's larger than Argentina; a stronghold for endangered wildlife and one of only five High Biodiversity Wilderness Areas worldwide. We reject government funding so we can guarantee our absolute independence and integrity. The heavy rainfall mainly orchestrates erosion and weathering. Some have accused the WWF of hiring park rangers who have abused and murdered multiple Baka villagers. Wren believes that justice for these indigenous people is possible if they acquire their own land, access clean water, and develop sustainable agriculture as these three factors aid in ending the cycle of continuous poverty and discrimination. Yet they are facing human rights abuses in the name of conservation. There are endangered species that urgently need our help. What ecosystem services do mangrove forests provide? They in turn provide the coral with sugars, lipids, and oxygen for growth and the continuation of the cycle of cellular respiration. Createyouraccount. This is a prime example of a mutualistic relationship; the shrimps benefit because they get food while the fish benefit because they get rid of possibly harmful parasites and dead skin. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! In return, the ants vigorously protect the Dialium is thus the dominant genus in this forest. Apparently, the factual evidence of high temperature is because of its location, which is the equator. The termites eat away at the tree getting the benefit of food and shelter. Marine Biome 1) Predation (predator and prey) 2) Mutualism 3) Competition 4) Parasitism 5) Commensalism. and other insects. The Essay Writing ExpertsUK Essay Experts. Alarmingly, this lucrative business is causing the forest to become empty of species. In essence, this region is under the tropical climate classification portrayed by high temperatures and high precipitation. How do amphibians survive in the rainforest? This interaction ultimately ends up being beneficial for both individuals and becomes important for their better survival. Baby mountain gorilla (about 1 year old) in the Virunga National Park. The structural degradation of reefs can also attribute to greater predation rates, since prey species wont be able to hide in the same nooks and crannies that they have in the past. Spanning six countries in central Africa the resource-rich, biodiverse Congo is largely untouched compared to other rainforests around the world. Humans have inhabited the forests of the Congo Basin for tens of thousands of years. Biology Middle School answered Identify at least two interactions in the Congo Rain Forest (mutualism, commensalisms, parasitism, predation). What do amphibians eat in the rainforest? Congolese rebel forces are often the culprits behind acts of violence and murder against the Mbati, Batwa and Baka people. Gorillas, elephants and buffalo all call the region home. These guards received an assignment to manage protected regions of the Congo. Because corals are completely dependent on zooxanthellae, losing this critical relationship is a blow to any reef that experiences bleaching. A Batwa man has served his sentence for hunting an antelope and describes his ordeal behind bars. Comp. Mutualism The relationship between the capuchin monkeys and flowering trees in the tropical rainforests is the best example of mutualism in this biome. This region is a home of developing countries where people rely directly on the forest resources for their survival. One is the relationship that cleaner shrimp (, ) have with many species of larger client fish, who come to the shrimp to be cleaned of parasites and dead skin, which the shrimp then eat. This forest and its river were the subject of a famous book called The Heart of . It is the second largest river globally for its volume. One of the most notable instances is the Effacer le tableau, an operation that the Movement for the Liberation of Congo led. Tribal Voice, They beat me and torched my home The world's second-largest rainforest lost more than 600,000 hectares of primary forest in 2020, which is a 9 percent increase compared to 2019, according to recent data from the Global Forest Watch (GFW) - a forest monitoring tool hosted by the University of Maryland in the United States. Women gather fuelwood in Virunga National Park, the oldest national park in Africa. All tropical rainforests are characterized by tremendous biological Web examples of tropical rainforest areas are the amazon rainforest in south america and the congo rainforest in africa. In fact, many only saw them as pets or extensions of their own property. Recent epidemic draws attention to brutal conservation policies. More than one hundred and fifty million men, women and children in over sixty countries live in tribal societies. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. In 2003, the United Nations confirmed that the indigenous rainforest people of the DRC have suffered rape, killing or being eaten. This relationship appears to be species 2023 World Wildlife Fund. Palm oil plantations and other commercial agriculture operations are a growing threat, putting greater pressure on the Congos forests and rivers. Grabbing headlines is key to our fight for tribal peoples' rights. Washington, DC 20037. This prevents underground growth, thus less detritus activities. Describe each type of ecological relationship found in each biome. The tree is harmed as it is being eaten. Petungkriyono Forest in Pekalongan Regency, Central Java is the only tropical rainforest left on the island of Java. Rainforest Journalism Fund / Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, Vol. They forage on trees leaves and shrubs. While mutualism is highly complex, it can be roughly broken down into two types of relationship. In 2016, reports determined that working indigenous children received moonshine or other addictive substances instead of money. Congo rainforest is one of the tropical ecosystems that have high primary production. What temperate forest animals eat lichen? has been little success growing Brazil nut trees in plantationsthey only appear to grow in primary rainforest. This ecosystem portrays an exemplary food web with crocodiles, leopards, and lions on the higher trophic level. Urge WWF to stop backing a new park in Congo. So far, an area nearly as large as West Virginia has been independently certified by FSC in the Congo Basin. 7. 1625, 1. The Congo Rainforest has dense foliage that humans have never seen. Ecology: Drought in the Congo Basin . Mutualism, commensalism and parasitism are the three types of. Epiphytes are plants that grow on Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. . Since bleaching changes the color of corals, this can make coral-dwellers more susceptible to predation3. Dialium tree species are dominant in the region and produce sweet juicy fruits that the Bonobo feeds on. There are some 200,000 - 250,000 native rainforest inhabitants spread across Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda and . This small, thin fish survives by entering the gills of fish and pinning itself in place with its spines. Zooxanthellae (dinoflagellates that live in symbiosis with many types of invertebrates) live within the polyp tissue and use carbon dioxide and H2O from the coral to carry out photosynthesis. These are drier forests than the other rainforests in the world. About River Congo is a central component of hydrology for this ecosystem. January 6, 2021. Forests alone in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) are estimated to be the fourth-largest terrestrial carbon reservoir in the world. The ants protect the fungi while the fungus provides nutrients for the ants. According to University College London, Manchester Metropolitan Museum and the University of Malaga, an estimated 960,000 indigenous peoples belonged to this ethnic group in Central Africa in 2016. A symbiotic relationship is a relationship where both participant species Without these large-bodied Nature, 509 , 36-37. Do not sell my personal info WWF has also provided fuel-efficient stoves and works with communities to find alternative wood sources through private and community forests. We also work toward Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification in all critical forests throughout the Congo Basin. Since bleaching changes the color of corals, this can make coral-dwellers more susceptible to predation3. Through this predator-prey relationship, they help keep the population of these lower animals in control which helps prevent the producer population from going too low. 1Lysmata amboinensis: WAZA: World Association of Zoos and Aquariums, 2 NOAAs National Ocean Service: Diagram of coral and zooxanthellae relationship, 3 Darren J. Coker, Morgan S. Pratchett, Philip L. Munday; Coral bleaching and habitat degradation increase susceptibility to predation for coral-dwelling fishes. Teak wood is in high demand. An example of commensalism in the tropical rainforest are epiphyte plants, such as orchids, growing on other trees. Baka children help their mothers collect nuts. And together, we can change the world. Together we can change this damaging model of conservation so that it respects tribal peoples rights: for tribes, for nature, for all humanity. The Lacey Act and EU Timber Regulation respectively are beginning to be enforced and changing how companies assess the timber they are buying.