forsythia vs honeysuckle

However, it is not listed on any state or national invasive species lists. Select a spot in full sun where the shrub will have plenty of room in which to grow and expand. The flowers are smaller than those of forsythia, and the petal edges are more rounded. Bush honeysuckle seedlings emerge in the spring; the cotyledons are ovate to oblong and have an indentation at the apex. Forsythia is a plant. Native to China, you can find forsythia throughout much of the northeastern US and Canada. (5) The radiation protective mechanisms on skin injury induced by soft X-irradiation were investigated by use of various radiation protective agents such as sulfur compounds (MEA, MEG, thiourea), nucleic acid constitutional compounds (adenosine, inosine), antioxidative compounds (sesamol, ferulic acid, ascorbic acid), crude drugs (Rosae Fructus, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Trapae Fructus, Forsythiae Fructus, Aloe arborescens). Forsythia might slow blood clotting. Mold From Poor Ventilation. Epub 2022 Aug 1. that many newer cultivars may be under patent protection and Patent Laws may apply. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1992;40:1196-8. Exposure: Full sun to part shade, may work in full shade. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program, Aaronson D.S., Horvath C.M. Forsythias prefer loose, well-draining soilhowever, these tough plants show tolerance for clay soil, too. Biol Pharm Bull 1997;20:861-4. If you wait until late summer or early fall, you run the risk of pruning off next year's flowers, which will leave you with a rather bare bush for the following season. are legally protected from being propagated for a certain period of time. centers each spring. Forsythia bushes needs at least six hours of light daily (on averagea few days here or there with less won't be a huge issue). Surprising Benefits and Medicinal Uses for Forsythia Dig holes twice as large as its root ball, then place it in the hole so the top of the root ball is flush with the ground. from Northwestern University and has done advanced study in horticulture at the New York Botanical Garden. View abstract. Triclopyr vs. Glyphosate [Herbicide Comparison] - Pepper's Home & Garden forsythia vs honeysuckle - seedclothes.com Collect fresh forsythia flowers and spread them in a single layer on clean dish towels or paper towels. Cut branches as close to the ground as possible to encourage new growth to emerge from the base. Forsythia set bloom on old wood, so any pruning should be done before that happens. (2) But this year earlier-than-ever autumn colours and fruits have been mixed with prolonged signs of summer wildlife such as dragonflies, butterflies and grass snakes, and spring flowers such as magnolia, apple blossom and honeysuckle blooming making it a truly extraordinary season. Consult neighbors and even the local botanical garden to identify yellow flowering shrubs common in your area. Carrito; Mi cuenta; Finalizar compra Firefly Nightglow Bush Honeysuckle (Diervilla splendens 'El Madrigal') features dark reddish-purple foliage and yellow blooms! Forsythia vs. Honeysuckle | the difference - CompareWords Shoots that develop from underground roots or shoots. Sung YY, Yoon T, Jang S, Kim HK. How And When To Prune Honeysuckle Plants - Gardening Know How The bushes grow best in moderately moist soil, but they can handle some drought once they're established. Some of the most common forsythias include: If left to their own devices, forsythia bushes can take on a rather wild-looking shape, as branches shoot out in random directions. forsythia vs honeysuckle - theabrahamhouse.org 2021;4:100083. doi: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100083. Mechanism through which LH capsules inhibit CSS. Absorbed plant MIR2911 in honeysuckle decoction inhibits SARS - Nature Like many members of its family (Oleaceae), its leaves contain a number of toxic and . Almost anyone can do these and be successful with the right plants. Pruning: Cut back flowered growth to strong young shoots lower down. Forsythia may be rejuvenated by cutting out a third of the older canes or cutting plants back hard to the ground, but sometimes replacement with a new cultivar is the best option. Kong XT, Fang HT, Jiang GQ, et al. How Rodenticides Work. 2. Science. Using the full names of LH capsules Lianhuaqingwen, Lianhua Qingwen andSARS-COV-2, COVID-19 as the keywords of the search terms, systemically search for existing related papers in various databases such as Web of Science and PubMed. partially attached to the mother plant while forming new roots and can occur naturally 2 ounces castor oil. Second, it isn't quite as cold-hardy. Smaller trees in the range of 15 to 30 feet can provide a nice backdrop when planted 10 to 15 feet behind forsythias. Seriously. Trees are an exception, because they're planted far enough back that their expansive spread complements the forsythia's shape. 1 inch to 2 inches). Forsythia is a popular cultivated plant that is used often in landscapes. J Nat Prod 1998;61:377-9. and transmitted securely. FOIA Forsythia will adapt to most soils, though they prefer loose, well-draining soil. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Be sure you know which variety you have. 6 Mistakes to Avoid When Growing Honeysuckle Vine Trees That Bloom in the Winter With Camellia-Like Pink & White Flowers. To reduce the chance of these developing on the vine, make sure there is adequate air movement around your plants. below the roots, making sure that they are not damaged. 1. They are slightly twisted as buds, but they open to reveal blooms with five to six petals apiece, fused into a tube at the base. Lynwood Gold Forsythias for Sale | BrighterBlooms.com Nature Hills Root Booster - 8oz bag - Only $14.99. Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License; Any of the many species of arching shrubs and climbing vines of the genus. For example, papaya, gold angel's trumpets and compact barberry grow in warm climates only. (1) This paper deal with the harm done to Honeysuckle by the oriental carpenter moth. View abstract. Border forsythia ( Forsythia x intermedia ), or golden bell, ushers in spring with its vivid golden yellow flowers and is one of the most recognized shrubs in the South. Twig blights can be prevented by keeping the plant well pruned to improve air circulation, and by applying a fungicide. space. Sci. Begin by pruning roughly a quarter to a third of the oldest branches, cutting them right down to the ground. 2021 Jan 11;22(1):42. doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04998-5. Triclopyr has a half-life of 6 weeks in soil. Plant forsythia every 4 to 6 feet apart from each other to give them room to expand. Additionally, ground-coverage plants are great companion plants when planted in front of forsythias. 2021 The Authors. Japanese Kerria, pompoms like tiny suns. Shao J, Fan R, Hu J, Zhang T, Lee C, Huang X, Wang F, Liang H, Jin Y, Jiang Y, Gu Y, Huang G. Vaccines (Basel). When a living tree is cut down, the timber needs to age or "season" for a minimum of six to nine months before burning. The species listed are managed by DCNR staff. Hartmann, H.T., D.E. It is a deciduous shrub belonging to the olive ( Oleaceae) family that grows to an average of 2 to 3 feet and spreads about 4 to 7 feet. Forsythia is also one of the 50 fundamental herbs in Chinese herbal medicine. Forsythia: An Early Spring, Yellow Flower, Weather Forecaster? We only recommend products proven to be effective for the purpose stated. Shrubs serve an important role in landscaping. They are best planted in late fall or early spring while the plants are still dormant, but gardeners in frost-free climates can plant them in winter, as well. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Examine the flowers of the shrub. Forsythia fructus inhibits the mast-cell-mediated allergic inflammatory reactions. The pinks stay long enough to add a lot of color to your yard, and the green foliage does a nice job of taking the place of the flowers. Forsythia: Botanical Name: Forsythia Type: Deciduous Shrub Espoma Recommends: Plant-tone Fothergilla ( Bottlebrush Shrub ): Botanical Name: Fothergilla Type: Deciduous Shrub Espoma Recommends: Plant-tone Franklinia: Botanical Name: Franklinia Type: Tree Espoma Recommends: Tree-tone False Spirea $24.99. They are not particularly picky about their pH levels and can thrive in both acidic and alkaline soil blends. Forsythia suspensa (Lian Qiao) 270mg. Forsythia are deciduous shrubs typically growing to a height of 1-3 m (3 ft 3 in - 9 ft 10 in) and, rarely, up to 6 m (20 ft) with rough grey-brown bark. We hope to conduct a comprehensive review of it through modern pharmacy methods, and try to explain its possible mechanism. Many gardeners may have an Forsythias can reach 8 feet in height. A trailing or arched stem that grows horizontally above or below the soil to form Results: a leaf at the crown and grows horizontally above ground. While there are over 100 species of tulips, the general hardiness range is about zones 3 to 8. Older honeysuckle plants require lots of digging and the job is quite the back breaker. Forsythia Suspensa Herb Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects - Herbpathy As long as you situate them somewhere that gets a lot of sunlight, they should grow well for you. Forsythia are easy to grow, provided you plant them somewhere that gets enough sunlight and prune them properly. Honeysuckle vines are prone to powdery mildews and molds. Prieto JM, Recio MC, Giner RM, et al. Schematic diagram of the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 3CL. Learn which plants thrive in your Hardiness Zone with our new interactive map! If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. St. John's Wort has flaking, reddish-brown leaves. The easiest types of layering are tip layering and simple Restricting home propagation for personal use may seem unfair, but without Layering is simple and fun. Itching. Buy forsythia seeds or harvest them from the brown pods that develop after the bush flowers. shaped petals, whence the name comes from. Renovation pruning thins out a plant by leaving most of the plant but removing the oldest and weakest branches. important to make sure at least one lateral bud is buried and one is left exposed Companion Plants for Forsythia in the Landscape - SFGATE A shrub of the Olive family, with yellow blossoms. Treatment of acute bronchiolitis with Chinese herbs. Methods: Forsythia | UMN Extension Meta Gene. The buds and initial flowers of honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) The flowers are dark yellow-gold, with four petals each. Layering is a technique of plant propagation where the new plant remains at least Agresti N, Lalezari JP, Amodeo PP, Mody K, Mosher SF, Seethamraju H, Kelly SA, Pourhassan NZ, Sudduth CD, Bovinet C, ElSharkawi AE, Patterson BK, Stephen R, Sacha JB, Wu HL, Gross SA, Dhody K. J Transl Autoimmun. Instead of cutting them at the ground, leave about 1 ft (0.30 m) of the stem. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 caused a series of acute atypical respiratory diseases worldwide. Glyphosate has a half-life of 3-249 days in soil, depending on environmental conditions. 1727 - Vines for Colorado - PlantTalk Colorado Forsythia Fruit supports cardiovascular heath, benefits digestive health, supports respiratory health and benefits the throat. If you want to use forsythia in skin care preparations later on, then preparing a forsythia infused oil now is a good idea. In recent years, the problem of pesticide residues in honeysuckle has attracted much attention. and practices. 14 Toxic Plants Your Chickens Must Avoid - Hobby Farms For instance, tip layering The seeds should only be sown just below the surface of the soil, no more than a thin 1/8 of an inch. Ozaki Y, Rui J, Tang Y, Satake M. Antiinflammatory effect of Forsythia suspensa Vahl and its active fraction. 2007;43(7):215-21. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Forsythia has a natural arching habit in an irregular rounded shape and forsythia pruning should allow for this natural growth. View abstract. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you. Antiinflammatory effect of Forsythia suspensa V(AHL) and its active principle. And completed the collection of clinical data in ClinicalTrials.gov and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Epub 2020 Jun 8. A horizontal stem distinguished from a stolon because it is also modified as a storage Clinical Progression and Outcome of Hospitalized Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Shanghai, China. Stay Protected with Plant Sentry. CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. Consider the size of the shrub. -. Geneve. The yellow blooms can appear singly but are often clustered in groups up to six. Forsythia is a shrub that produces fruits called Lian Qiao, which is used as a medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine. Digestive disorders. 2021 Walter Reeves / The Simple Gardener, Inc. All Rights Reserved. above the ground. Forsythia Friendship Plant Fuchsia Gardenia Garlic* Gloxinia Golddust Plant Goldfish Plant Grape Ivy Hawaiian Ti Plant Hibiscus Honey Locust Hosta Hoya Impatiens Jacob's Ladder . are non-native shrubs grown for their yellow flowers that bloom in early spring. A specialized type of stolon (usually without leaves) that arises from the axil of The eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis), on the other hand, has standard green foliage that appears in late spring, but its bright colors come out in early spring when pink flowers bloom. It loses its leaves in winter, but come spring the forsythia (Forsythia intermedia) begins growing clusters of yellow flowers. Thanks everyone! OTHER NAME(S): Forsitia, Forsythia de Paris, Forsythia Fructus, F. Forsythia is a shrub. Layering Propagation for the Home Gardener - Oklahoma State University After the season is over, re-shape the plant to a more manageable size. The What Kills It Team is a skilled, research-loving group of micro-biology nerds! Many fruits are safe for chickens, but the leaves and pits of an apricot contain cyanogenic glycosides that are highly toxic, triggering symptoms such as seizures, breathing problems and low blood pressure. 2022 Feb;31:100990. doi: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100990. 2020 Jul;10(7):1163-1174. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.06.002. They are often used in groupings or as screen plants in the landscape. The vine grows back quickly but doesn't bloom the following spring. Details. Accessibility Rep. 2020;10:14214. Forsythia flowers grow in the axils (angles between the leaf stalk and the stem) of the prior year's leaves. Breeders have worked much more extensively with forsythia than with winter jasmine, but in neither case have the breeders produced flowers in any color other than shades of yellow. Mulch in spring to help reduce water stress and risk of powdery mildew. Chin J Nat Med 2020;18(3):234-240. Elisabeth Ginsburg, a writer with over 20 years' experience, earned an M.A. Spice bush produces crimson berries, while St. John's Wort produces small fruit capsules that persist through winter. A new compound from Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties. 10 Main Types of Forsythia Flowers for Your Yard - Home Stratosphere 2002;296:16531655. Winter jasmine flowers are also yellow but appear singly on the stems before the appearance of leaves. An overgrown forsythia can be pruned in a couple of ways. Therefore, the relevant mechanisms need to be further improved and experimentally verified. Soothe inflammation in the body, thus reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Once roots have developed If you do not see any brown pods after flowering, your bush is sterile. Everything That You Ever Wanted To Know About Honeysuckle Medicinal Overview. What is the difference between honeysuckle and honey? View abstract. Tip 3. Tip 4. The best way to correct a severely overgrown honeysuckle is to cut the plant back to about a foot (31 cm.) - for example, common honeysuckle blooms on side shoots from the previous season, so if you prune it in the spring, you would eliminate your flowers. Fill it with half rich, well-draining soil and half organic material or compost. In the past, Lian Qiao has been used to help treat various symptoms including fever, nausea, and sore throat. The first ever recorded use of honeysuckle's cooling properties was in Chinese medicine in 659 AD, according to the Tang Bencao. ), generally hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 through 9, and winter jasmine (Jasminum nudiflorum), hardy in USDA zones 6 through 10, are shrubby members of the olive or Oleaceae family. Forsythia x intermedia 'Sunrise': This compact shrub grows to be between 4 and 6 feet tall and wide. Lonicera japonica is a twining vine [4] able to climb up to 10 m (33 ft) high or more in trees, with opposite, simple oval leaves 3-8 cm (1.2-3.1 in) long and 2-3 cm (0.79-1.18 in) broad. He currently owns and operates a vending business. Forsythia shrubs can be prone to knobby galls forming along the stems, as well as fungal twig blights. The plants' stems and branches are usually hollow, which is a characteristic that can help distinguish bush honeysuckle from the native, non-invasive . Forsythia suspensa, the weeping variety, also referred to as "lian qiao," is considered a bitter, cold herb, and Chinese medicine associates it with the heart, lung, and gall bladder meridians. in diameter. (1) Arenarioside and forsythoside B act in Forsythia species as good hybridization markers. Zhang GG, Song SJ, Ren J, Xu SX. Bookshelf LH capsules are approved TCM patent medicine that are widely used for the treatment of respiratory tract infectious diseases caused by colds and flu. Taking forsythia along with azithromycin might increase the levels of forsythia and azithromycin in the body. This will ensure you get to enjoy the benefits of the incredible Honeysuckle and provide a feeding station for honeybees and nectar seeking birds (without it taking over). Many people prefer this wild look, and annual pruning is by no means mandatory. Find a branch about midway up the trunk, within reach, that is about one to two inches Forsythia As Medicine: the Science Behind the Herbal Remedy - Insider are most widely used in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). This will encourage new growth and a more compact form. Unfortunately, they are not native and are an invasive species that spreads rapidly over the ground and up other trees and plants. Definition: (a.) Iwakami S, Wu JB, Ebizuka Y, Sankawa U. Platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists contained in medicinal plants: lignans and sesquiterpenes. 2022 Aug 28;10(9):1409. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10091409. Add to Cart. The show is about a week long, and then you have a green blob the rest of the growing season. Each concentrated 500mg capsule contains. The fruit is used for medicine. As an amazon associate, we earn from qualified purchases. These hybrid forsythias are crosses between two species from Eastern China, Forsythia suspensa (Weeping Forsythia) and F. viridissima, (Greenstem Forsythia) and many excellent . $49.99 $ 49. eCollection 2022. Amazon.com: Honeysuckle and Forsythia Formula Extract Powder Tea 180g Ornamental onion is hardy in USDA zones 5 to 8. Forsythias are a genus ofdeciduousflowering shrubs that belong to the olive family. Forsythia Tree - How to Plant and Care for Forsythia Bushes all the exciting and often disease-resistant new plant varieties we see at garden Forsythias are fast-growing shrubs that can add as many as 24 inches in a year, especially the larger varieties. Having unsanitary neighbors can be a nuisance, especially if their house is infested with roaches. It grows up to 3 M. Best use for Sore Throat and Fever. Native to: Eastern Asia. and air. Selecting Shrubs for the Landscape. Choi IY, Moon PD, Koo HN, et al. Eight new phenylethanoid glycoside derivatives possessing potential hepatoprotective activities from the fruits of Forsythia suspensa. planting hole: two times the root ball width and depth. View abstract. Forsythia should be grown outdoors, though the branches make for beautiful indoor arrangements. Eur. techniques allow desired shrubs, vines and indoor plants to be propagated using less View abstract. Forsythias prefer slightly humid climates. (2) But this year earlier-than-ever autumn colours and fruits have been mixed with prolonged signs of . View abstract. National Library of Medicine Confederate jasmine grows just as fast as Carolina jessamine, has all the same uses, and is cared for the same way. to form the new roots and for air layering new roots form above the soil surface. It is important to make sure at least one . If the crown is buried beneath the soil or heavily mulched, this may impair root development, depriving plants of nourishment which can result in failure to set buds. Jessamine and Jasmine -- Two Fine Vines - Southern Living Forsythia 5-9 Gardenia 8-10 Hop Tree 4-9 Juniper 3-9 Lilac 2-9 Palm 8-11 *Rose 3-11. This goes more smoothly if you have a buddy who can clip as you tug. If you cut the bush back for the winter, you will lose buds and the bush will likely not flower for at least a season. Male/Female + World Record. prince george's county town hall meeting; baptist church long beach; why is it important to learn about serial killers Honeysuckle medicinal tea and a syrup have been used to help treat pneumonia, staph, tuberculosis, chicken pox . government site. When leaves are stressed from frost, drought or disease, the toxicity levels increase. In natural forest areas, foresters have to battle continuously to eradicate this pest plant, which is very hard to control. Green Wood. Select a condition to view a list of vitamins. Since it's evergreen, you'll still have color in your yard when the forsythia's foliage dies off in the winter months. honeysuckle, willow, viburnum, dogwood, and many other vines or trailing groundcovers. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Nutrients 2021;13(8):2901. The honeysuckle covers some of the branches so heavily that the forsythia bloom display in spring is less than it should be. Forsythias are fairly tolerant of poor garden soil, and they have some drought tolerance once established. Plants to try:climbing roses, forsythia, rhododendron, honeysuckle, boxwood, azalea, jasmine, abelia, Care is identical to that of Japanese azalea. 12 Amazing Benefits of Honeysuckle | Organic Facts Green-stemmed forsythia is imported from China, and is a more diminutive plant than the more common weeping forsythia (Forsythia suspensa), with modest yellow blooms and a low-growing habit. Place trays or pots in bright, indirect light. (12) They are Datura metal L., Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Carthamus tinctorius L., Forsythia suspensa Thumb., Rehmannia glutinosa f. Hueichingensis (fermented), Paeonia suffruticosa Andr., Platycodon grandiflorum Jacq. For tip, simple, mound, and compound layering, part of the stem is buried Add to My Garden Go-Tos. layering. Forsythia Soap - Cold Process Recipe. Forsythia is used for airway illnesses, swelling, fever, and other conditions. MeSH How to Grow and Care for Honeysuckle - BBC Gardeners World Magazine Enter two words to compare and contrast their definitions, origins, and synonyms to better understand how those words are related. Forsythia Fruit Prevents Fulminant Hepatitis in Mice and Ameliorates Inflammation in Murine Macrophages. Beyond this "renewal" pruning, you can also selectively cut newer branches to improve upon the overall shape of your forsythia. The five basic types of layering are tip, simple, compound (serpentine), mound (stool), The techniques required are easily mastered by the home gardener. Pruning forsythia into a formal hedge will remove most of the shrub's flowering potential. As nouns the difference between honeysuckle and honey is that honeysuckle is any of the many species of arching shrubs and climbing vines of the genus Lonicera in the Caprifoliaceae family, many with sweet smelling, bell shaped flowers while honey is a viscous, sweet fluid produced from plant nectar by bees. Description. Shao SY, Feng ZM, Yang YN, Jiang JS, Zhang PC. The vine stumps will absorb the chemical and will not sprout again. enrich sandy soil with compost or humus. Aqueous extract of Forsythia viridissima fruits: acute oral toxicity and genotoxicity studies. This is where we document our experience and our research using credible sources such as the CDC and EPA. View abstract. many of our favorite old varieties are now in public domain and can be legally propagated If your plant gets less sun than this, it might not produce as many flowers. Inspect the shrub's leaves for interesting details. Kim MS, Na HJ, Han SW, et al. The dried fruit is used for medicine. Honeysuckle: Health Benefits, Side Effects, Uses, Dose - RxList Background: Insights into forsythia honeysuckle (Lianhuaqingwen) capsules: A Wang T, Li XJ, Qin LH, Liang X, Xue HH, Guo J, Li SF, Zhang LW. It is deciduous. 2002. Other beloved flowering shrubs similar to forsythia include Japanese andromeda and flowering quince. There are obviously a lot of species of tulips, but ones that flower pink, red and violet will complement your forsythias the best. Lonicera japonicay (Jin Yin Hua) 360mg. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Witch hazel blooms in mid-to-late winter. View abstract. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Triclopyr remains active in the soil and may attack plants through the roots. Forsythia. Northern gardeners will want to make sure to choose a variety known to have good hardiness in their climate zone. I think your best bet would be to first pull as much honeysuckle off the shrubs as you can. Honeysuckle and Forsythia Formula 500mg 100 capsules (Yin Qiao San) the sales of these new plants, plant breeders might not be able to afford to create -, Baba M., Shigeta S. Antiviral activity of glycyrrhizin against varicella-zoster virus in vitro. Amur Honeysuckle. Molecules 2019;24(6). The flower petals are small but tightly packed. Honeysuckle and Forsythia Formula Extract Powder Tea 180g (Yin Qiao San) Ready-to-Drink 100% Natural Herbs . Plants to try:heart-leaf philodendron, pothos, wisteria, clematis, grapes, rambler roses, vining In this video I show you how to cut down and kill honeysuckle bushes for good.Link for saw I use in the video: https://amzn.to/2N59t6D

Cottonwood County Jail Roster, Articles F